How much is too much? :: Essays Papers

How much is too much? The founders of our country were all successful individuals who believed in the rights of an individual to succeed or fail on his own. Their experience with the British government convinced them that the less involvement by the government in economic affairs the better. These beliefs were central to the idea of liberal capitalism: that in a capitalist society, in order for everyone to enjoy economic opportunity, it was necessary for the government not to meddle in the nation's economy. As Americans we cling to a belief that if we just work a little harder, that if we sacrifice a little today, then tomorrow we will reap the benefits of our labors. Of course, history tells us that when big business and special interest groups dominate an economy by political influence, individual effort may not always equate to equal opportunity. There may be times when government intervention is necessary - but how much intervention by the government is necessary has always posed a problem. As American business became increasingly industrialized, living conditions for workers became worse and eventually a consensus developed under the "progressives," an umbrella term for different groups who saw the application of efficient business practices as a way to cure societal problems. Key to this belief was the idea that only government had the recourses to accomplish this. This steadily growing belief throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s would finally be put to the test 1929. After World War I, government non-intervention in the economy led to rampant speculation and borrowing. Many people borrowed money to invest in a stock market that only seemed to know how to go up. Unbeknownst to most Americans, bad economic decisions were being made by both businesses and the government's own economists. Decisions that would have terrible consequences on October 29, 1929, when the stock markets collapsed. President Herbert Hoover, a staunch believer in the Liberal conservative principle of non-government interference refused to intervene. Like most business-oriented people of the time, he believed that economies went through cycles of expansion and recession. He felt that this period of recession should be allowed to take its course Norton 473). As the economy continued to worsen, Americans elected into office a new President who offered to use the power of the government to do something about the economy. As the Progressives believed earlier, Franklin Roosevelt felt that only the federal government had the ability to marshal resources on a national level to stimulate the economy.

Hydrostatic Lab Report

ABSTRACT On the past two weeks, I have done an experiment on hydrostatics, or is also known as fluid statics (fluid at rest) within the fluid mechanics field of study. This condition explains that in a stable condition, the fluid is at rest. The use of fluid in doing work is known as hydraulics, and the science of fluid in motion is known as fluid dynamics. INTRODUCTION The natural nature of fluids are they cannot remain stationary under the application of shear stress. However, fluid can apply force normal to any surface contacting it.If the fluid is considered as a solid object such as a cylinder, the pressure acting on a surface is the same as the pressure on the opposite side of the object, but in a different direction. This condition can be applied to any surface on the imaginary fluid shape. This thus defines that the pressure on a fluid is isotropic, meaning that the force/pressure in any direction applied on the liquid is the same in all directions. Hydrostatic Pressure Hydro static pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the gravitational pull. The fluid is known as hydrostatic fluid.The pressure can be calculated from the control volume analysis of a small cube of fluid. It is known that pressure is force applied per unit area P = F/A, and the onlyforce acting on any such small cube of fluid is the weight of column above it, we can calculate the hydrostatic pressure by: The sumary of the theory is the force on any flat surface is the average pressure acting on the submerged surface multiplied by the area of the submerged surface. F = ? gXA Where: ? = water density g = acceleration due to gravity X = vertical distance from free surface to centroid of AWe know that the magnitude of the distributes force F, which may be considered as a small series of small forces spread over the submerged surface. The sum of the moments of all these small forces about any point must be equivalent to the moment about the same point of the resulta nt force Fr acting through the point of application, also known as the center of pressure. Taking the moments about O : Force on strip ? F=x? g ? A Moment of force an strip ? M=x2? g ? A But we know that : Sum of [x2 ? A] = 2nd moment of area (I? ) Therefore total moment = ? gI?Therefore Frz = ? gI? and since Fr = F = ? g A X z= ? gI gAX= I? AX= 2nd moment of area about ‘oo'1st moment of area about ‘oo' z= I? AX from parallel axis theorem I? =Igg+ AX2 Therefore, substituting z= Igg+ AX2AX z= IggAX+ X Xc=z+q For a partially submerged plate, the same equations apply except that the area of the plate varies. (A = br) Since Igg = br312 And substituting A = br and X = r2 in the equation for z: z= 23r It can be clearly seen that the centre of pressure is always two-third down the section of the submerged part of the plate. Xc= 23r+q Procedure: – The quadrant is placed on the two dowel pins and the clamping screw is fastened to the balance arm using the clamping screw. L , a, depth d, and width b, of the quadrant end face are measured. 2- With the Perspex tank on the bench, the balance arm is balanced on the knife edges (pivot). The balance pan is hung from the end of the balance arm. 3- A length of hose is connected from the drain cock to the sump and a length from the bench feed to the triangular aperture on the top of Perspex tank 4- The tank is then levelled using the adjustable feet and spirit level.The counter balance weight is moved until the balance arm is horizontal. 5- The drain cock is closed and water is admitted until the level reaches the bottom edge of the quadrant. A weight is placed on the balance pan, and water is slowly added into the tank until the balance arm is horizontal. The water level on the quadrant and the weight on the balance pan is recorded. 6- Fine adjustment of the water level can be achieved by overfilling and then slowly draining using the stop cock. 7- The above are repeated for each increment of weight until the water level reached the top of the quadrant end face.Then each increment of weight is removed, noting the weights and water levels until the weights have been removed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION a= 0. 099m b= 0. 075 m d= 0. 100m l= 0. 274 m ?= 1000 kg/m Weight of load, m(kg ms-2)| Filling tank height of water(m)| Draining tank height of water (m)| Average height of water,y (m)| Wetted surface area, yb (m )| Hydrostatic pressure, m/yb (Pa)| 0. 3924| 0. 040| 0. 041| 0. 041| 0. 003075| 127. 6098| 0. 5886| 0. 050| 0. 050| 0. 050| 0. 003750| 156. 9600| 0. 7848| 0. 058| 0. 058| 0. 058| 0. 004350| 180. 4138| 0. 9810| 0. 065| 0. 065| 0. 065| 0. 004875| 201. 308| 1. 1772| 0. 072| 0. 073| 0. 073| 0. 005475| 215. 0137| 1. 3734| 0. 078| 0. 077| 0. 078| 0. 005850| 234. 7692| 1. 5696| 0. 084| 0. 083| 0. 084| 0. 006300| 249. 1429| 1. 7658| 0. 089| 0. 088| 0. 088| 0. 006600| 267. 5455| 1. 9620| 0. 094| 0. 094| 0. 094| 0. 007050| 278. 2979| Graph of my2 against y Where the slope is -? b2L and the interc ept should be ? b2L(a+d) Therefore ?b2L = -93. 9097 ?b2L(a+d) = 101. 7810 CONCLUSION REFERENCE 1- www. wikipedia. org on hydrostatic pressure 2- www. scribd. com on hydrostatic pressure lab report 3- Experiment manual 4- Lab demonstrator’s explanation

Fresh Perspective for Marine Electrical Distribution Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Direct current (DC) is an alternative to alternating current (AC). Electronic circuits are mostly operated and run by low-voltage DC, and this is applicable and ideal for equipment and machines in large ships. A direct current is also produced by an electronic circuit, with capacitors, resistors, and transformers, to convert the alternating current. DC has many advantages compared with AC. One of the most significant advantages is the absence of inductance losses and harmonic problems. Certainly, DC systems would be preferred over AC systems if the advantages of AC devices such as transformers, three-phase induction, and synchronous machines were not present. AC electromagnetic machines do no face any real competition because of the poorer performance and higher maintenance of any such alternatives. AC electromagnetic machines are unlikely to be replaced with anything having compatible performance characteristics in the near future. The combination of an electric generator with a di esel engine or a gas turbine is perhaps the most effective way to produce electrical power for the foreseeable future. DC generators no longer have a real place in large marine electrical systems, as they are heavy, expensive, and can provide only limited voltage, imposed by the limitations of commutators. We will write a custom essay sample on Fresh Perspective for Marine Electrical Distribution or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page